New Jersey State Board Esthetics Practice Exam

What are foreign substances in the body that provoke an immune response called?

1. Pathogens

2. Antibodies

3. Antigens

4. Allergens

The correct answer is: Antigens

Foreign substances in the body that provoke an immune response are referred to as antigens. An antigen can be any substance that the body recognizes as foreign, such as bacteria, viruses, or other harmful invaders. When antigens enter the body, they trigger the immune system to respond, leading to the production of antibodies that specifically target these foreign entities. Understanding the role of antigens is crucial in various fields, including esthetics, as treatments and procedures often need to take the immune response into consideration, especially when dealing with sensitive skin or potential allergic reactions. For instance, in skincare, certain ingredients can act as antigens and may provoke a response in some individuals, making it essential for practitioners to be aware of clients' allergies and sensitivities. The other options serve different functions in the immune system. Pathogens refer specifically to disease-causing organisms, while antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system in response to antigens. Allergens are a subset of antigens that specifically cause allergic reactions, but are not as broad a category as antigens themselves.